Pandey many of the bactrocera fruit fl y males are attracted either to methyl eugenol or to cuelure. It is present in concentrations of 8090% in clove bud oil and at 8288% in clove leaf oil. Methyl eugenol is found in a number of plants over 450 species from 80 families including both. Biopesticides fact sheet for methyl eugenol me keywords. Methyl eugenol 93152 100 eugenol methyl ether 4allyl1,2dimethoxybenzene solid polymeric matrix na na na section 4. Tephritidae are strongly attracted to methyl eugenol me 1,2dimethoxy42propenylbenzene. The role of me in citronella grass, cymbopogon nardus poaceae, in the strong attraction of dacus currently bactrocera fruit flies which also visited other plant species including flowers of papaya and colocasia antiquorum, was first discovered almost a century ago howlett 1915. Six traps acre1 was installed two per treatment in each experimental orchard and. Information from its description page there is shown below. Some phenolic compounds antioxidants such as cirsilineol, circimaritin, isothymusin, apigenin androsameric acid, and.
Owing to its availability and strong attractant properties, it has been used both as a trapping agent in capturing native male fruit flies for population estimation, and as pest control. Methyl eugenol bound to liver dna and formed dna adducts in vi vo and in vitro. Hplc uv method development and quantification of eugenol. Safe drinking water and toxic enforcement act of 1986. Methyleugenol is used in commercial products as a flavorant at concentrations of 5 to 52 ppm and in fragrances at concentrations of 0. Methyl eugenol cas no 93152 methyl eugenol was genotoxic in a range of in vivo and in vitro assays, although it was not mutagenic in bacterial cells. In a subset of serum samples from adults participating in the third national health and nutrition examination.
Following administration of a single oral dose of methyleugenol. Attractiveness of methyl eugenolbaited traps to oriental. It is the methyl ether of eugenol and is important to insect behavior and pollination. Us environmental protection agency office of pesticide. Methyl eugenol is an organic substance that occurs naturally in the essential oils of several plant species. Infrared and raman spectroscopy of eugenol, isoeugenol, and. Although computed differences in vibrational spectra for the different conformers were. For example, a southeast asian orchid uses eugenol derivatives, among other chemicals, to attract its pollinator, the male fruit fly. Commons is a freely licensed media file repository. Methyl eugenol as an attractant for oriental fruit fly, journal of economic entomology, volume 45.
California epa california environmental protection agency. Click add files and select the files you want to include in your pdf. Like its distinctive taste, it also has a distinctive smell. A diverse range of products, all meeting our stringent commitment to quality. Generally, methyl eugenol, cuelure and trimedlure have been used for biodiversity studies fadlelmula and ali, 2014, population studies, and quarantine monitoring. The composition, structure, sources, and applications of. Synthesis of methyl eugenol from crude cloves leaf oil using.
Methyl eugenol is produced by the methylation of eugenol 8. You can merge pdfs or a mix of pdf documents and other files. Field evaluation of herbivoreinduced plant volatiles as attractants for beneficial insects. Since methyl eugenol and ddvp were found in citrus fruit samples collected from homeowners trees, a more comprehensive monitoring program will be. In addition, methyl eugenol caused gene mutation in the liver of transgenic animals and induced mutation of. Tea tree oil, a case study article pdf available in flavour and fragrance journal 265. Of the four invasive pest fruit fl ies established in hawaii, oriental fruit fl y males are attracted to methyl eugenol whereas the. Detecting traces of methyl eugenol in essential oils.
In 1999 methyleugenol was evaluated by the committee of experts on flavouring. It is a colorless to pale yellow, aromatic oily liquid extracted from certain essential oils especially from clove oil, nutmeg, cinnamon, basil and bay leaf. Fruit fly diversity in a given geographical area is mapped based on the catches in the parapheromone trap, with a foresightedness to estimate the economic losses. Male fruit flies of the bactrocera dorsalis complex b. Its occurrence, distribution, and role in nature, especially in relation to insect behavior and pollination. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Information available in 2010 indicated that methyleugenol was manufactured by 19 companies in the usa, four companies in the peoples republic of china, two companies. Ir and raman spectra of eugenol, isoeugenol and methyl eugenol have been obtained in the liquid phase. Methyl eugenol is an important part of the fruit fly control programs in states such as hawaii, florida, and california.
Biopesticides fact sheet for methyl eugenol me author. Casno 93152 c11h14o2 the scope of this standard includes, but is not limited to the cas numbers indicated above. Methyl eugenol is a synthetic insect lure which has been used for the following. For breathing difficulties, oxygen may be necessary. Easytohandle fruit fly lure plugs university of hawaii. The expert panel also considered the fema gras status of herbs, spices, and essential oils that contain naturally occurring methyl eugenol, including basil, pimento, allspice, etc. Methyleugenol is produced by the methylation of eugenol burdock, 2005. Of the four invasive pest fruit fl ies established in hawaii, oriental fruit fl y males are attracted to methyl eugenol whereas the melon fl y males are attracted to cuelure.
The fly in turn metabolizes methyl eugenol into a femaleattracting pheromone 15. L trap in guava and peach orchards whereas higher number of fruit flies was captured by pprproduct as compared to both c. Antifeedant activity toward larvae of pieris rapae crucivora of phenolethers related to methyl eugenol isolated from artemisia capillaris. Department of entomology, faculty of crop protection, sindh agriculture university tandojampakistan 2. If the assumption is made that it is roughly 2025 drops to a millilitre. Methyl eugenol is a component of several essential oils that are sold for use in aromatherapy, massage oils and alternative medicines 7. The required eugenol based monomers were prepared through the hydration of the double bond of methyl eugenol, achieved in 60% yield by reaction with formic acid, followed by hydrolysis of the resulting formate 223 and conversion of the secondary alcohol 224 with triphosgene to afford 86% of the reactive chloroformate 225. Scientific and common names of spices to be studied common name scientific name family used parts cloves syzygium aromaticum myrtaceae bud dalchini cinnamomum zeylanicum lauraceae bark. Chemotaxis of fruit fly species against methyl eugenol in. Pdf different methods of methyl eugenol application enhance the. The insect attractant methyl eugenol and the insecticide malathion are exempt from the requirement of tolerances on all raw agricultural commodities when used in combination in oriental fruit fly eradication programs under the authority of the u.
Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Synthesis of methyl eugenol from crude cloves leaf oil. Hplc uv method development and quantification of eugenol from methanolic extracts of some spices farhin inam, sujata deo, neha narkhede 97 table 1. Rearrange individual pages or entire files in the desired order. Chemotaxis of fruit fly species against methyl eugenol in the. Some samples of rose oil contain no methyl eugenol whilst the content in bay can be as low as 0. The annual production of methyleugenol in the united states of america in 1990 was estimated at 11. Department of agriculture, in accordance with the following directions and specifications. Methyl eugenol, a fruitfly attractant, from the browning. Methyl eugenol allylveratrol is a natural chemical compound classified as a phenylpropene, a type of phenylpropanoid. Methyl eugenol trapped more fruit flies as compared pprproduct and c. It is found in various essential oils methyl eugenol is found in a number of plants over 450 species from 80 families including both angiosperm and gymnosperm families and. Infrared and raman spectroscopy of eugenol, isoeugenol.
Methyl eugenol is used as a fragrance in perfumes 0. The agency has evaluated the potential risks associated with methyl eugenol and has determined, that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm to any population subgroup will result from dietary and water exposure to methyl eugenol from uses specified in the existing exemption for the requirement for tolerance for methyl eugenol under 40 cfr. Column type active phase temperature c i reference comment. Chemical structures of methyl eugenol me and its analogs. Methyl eugenol is a bait attractant for nonindegenous, invasive fruit flies of the family tephritadae in orchards. Chemical structure of methyleugenol 4allyl1,2dimethoxybenzene. A mixture of attractant, sugar and insecticide in the ratio of 85. The cotton was soaked with methyl eugenol, and the trapping period was january 1830, 1993. It is rapidly absorbed following oral administration to rats and mice.
Us environmental protection agency office of pesticide programs threeyear summary schedule 2015 2017 may 2015. Oct 23, 2015 ir and raman spectra of eugenol, isoeugenol and methyl eugenol have been obtained in the liquid phase. Click, drag, and drop to reorder files or press delete to remove any content you dont want. Methyleugenol some chemicals present in industrial and. L and protein based product locally developed pprproduct. Eugenol and methyl eugenol chemotypes of essential oil of species ocimum gratissimum l. The composition, structure, sources, and applications of eugenol. Vibrational spectroscopic results are discussed in relation to computed structures and spectra of the low energy conformations of these molecules obtained from dft calculations at the b3lypccpvtz level. Methyl eugenol and cuelure traps for suppression of male oriental fruit flies and melon flies diptera. I find isoeugenol to be a bit more floral and softer, and with a faint ham or salami undertone. The chemicals from the brown part of the leaves of proiphys amboinensis consist of a mixture of methyl eugenol, 5allyl1,2,3trimethoxybenzene, 3,4,5trimethoxyacetophenone, aliphatic hydrocarbons and longchain carboxylic acids. Different methods of methyl eugenol application enhance the mating. Such data should clarify the relevance to humans of dna adducts formed by methyl eugenol. Pdf detecting traces of methyl eugenol in essential oils.
For example, both west indian bay and rose are mentioned in the ifra list as containing methyl eugenol whilst the content in bay can be as low as 0. Kinetics data in rats are consistent with a rapid clearance from the blood, metabolism in the liver mediated by the p450 system, and excretion in the urine. Methyl eugenol 2020 amendment 49 15 ifra standard molecular formula. Methyl eugenol is used in commercial products as a flavorant at concentrations of 5 to 52 ppm and in fragrances at concentrations of 0. Methyl eugenol 1 is a highly potent attractant for the male fruit flies of several species, occurring widely as a natural product in the plant kingdom. How to merge pdfs and combine pdf files adobe acrobat dc. Depending on the quantity used, different samples may or may not breach the ifra restriction. Although inaccurate, it is commonplace to measure essential oils in drops. Comparison of local attractant with imported methyl. Comparison of local attractant with imported methyl eugenol.
Methyleugenol anthraquinone, azt, bromate ion and its water soluble salts, bromoethane, diuron, fumonisn b1, isoxaflutole, methyl eugenol, gemfibrozil, and zileuton under consideration for listing. Methyl eugenol in the presence of different food flavours in a guava orchard mansoor ahmed chajro1, fahad nazir khoso1, imran khatri1, jamal u din hajano2, abdul mubeen lodhi3, sohail otho1, imtiaz ahmed nizamani3, munir ahmed4 and anser ali5 1. The environmental monitoring of methyl eugenol, naled and. Sixty years later, me was found to be the most active. Methyl eugenol as an attractant for oriental fruit fly journal of. Firstaid measures if breathing is difficult, remove to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
797 398 305 175 1294 1410 1482 324 472 81 795 826 111 1301 1260 918 99 132 635 992 185 629 545 1431 114 723 1170 1534 826 1332 1373 322 992 925 1017 990 1388 258 434 770 1480 255 1334